Many Indigenous- specific research paradigms are used internationally. Kaupapa Māori is one such paradigm that privileges and legitimises Māori knowledge, culture, language, customs and protocols. The qualitative Kaupapa Māori paradigm presented here includes establishing an expert advisory rōpū and a Māori- led research team, developing and pilot testing a Māori data collection method (wānanga interviews), conducting wānanga, and analysing the collected data. Two wānanga were held with groups of rangatahi and whānau. Wānanga 1 centred around components of hauora important for rangatahi Māori.

There have been many attempts at measuring Māori identity and cultural engagement, yet there have been no scales created to specifically explore whanaungatanga. Whanaungatanga can be operationalised as active participation in and a sense of belonging to social groups and collective, reciprocal caring relationships. In this article, we document the development of a whanaungatanga scale alongside a measure of Māori identity.

This study was a three-part exploration of what indicates and contributes to positive development for Māori youth (rangatahi). First, a literature review was undertaken to identify relevant themes. Second, we analysed data from the Māori participants (N = 2,059) of a nationally representative youth survey (Youth’07). Third, we conducted focus groups and interviews with rangatahi (N